Paracrine Signaling

Mechanisms

What is Paracrine Signaling?

Paracrine signaling is the primary mechanism through which mesenchymal stem cell therapy delivers clinical benefit. Rather than permanently engrafting into damaged tissue, transplanted MSCs secrete growth factors, cytokines and extracellular vesicles that signal native cells to reduce inflammation, recruit progenitor cells, modulate immune response and stimulate angiogenesis. This is why most modern protocols rely on repeated IV dosing of fresh, biologically active cells rather than single large infusions.