Immunomodulation
The ability of MSCs to dampen overactive immune responses without suppressing protective immunity — central to autoimmune protocols.
Mechanisms
What is Immunomodulation?
Immunomodulation is the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells to rebalance, rather than blanket-suppress, the immune system. MSCs sense local inflammation and respond by releasing IDO, prostaglandin E2, TGF-β and TSG-6, which downregulate effector T-cells, induce regulatory T-cells and shift macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype toward the reparative M2 phenotype. This mechanism underlies stem cell protocols for multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Crohn's disease and graft-versus-host disease.
Related terms in Mechanisms
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